Electrical Inspection in France: Requirements and Advice

In French real estate, an electrical inspection is required when selling or renting a residential property. It assesses the internal electrical system to confirm safety. Like gas inspections, it is compulsory for installations that are over 15 years old at the time of sale or rental.

Why Conduct an Electrical Inspection?

The purpose of an electrical inspection is to evaluate the safety of a residential property’s electrical system. It detects faults, deterioration, and outdated components in circuits and equipment to prevent hazards such as electric shocks, electrocution, and fires. However, the inspection report does not verify compliance with current electrical standards or ensure the property meets code requirements.

For property sales, an electrical inspection must be performed in accordance with the French Construction and Housing Code (Articles L271-4 to L271-6), as part of the internal electrical condition report outlined in Article L134-7 of the same code. The resulting report must be provided to the buyer via the Technical Diagnostics File (Dossier de Diagnostics Techniques – DDT), which is attached to the preliminary sales agreement or the deed of sale.

For rental properties, an electrical inspection must be conducted under the ALUR Law (No. 2014-366) to protect tenants and promote access to quality housing. Since 1 January 2018, the condition of the internal electrical installation must be included in lease and rental agreements.

Which Properties Require Electrical Inspection?

The electrical inspection is determined by the age of the installation, similar to the gas inspection. It is mandatory for any residential property in France with an electrical system over 15 years old, whether for sale or rent. This requirement applies exclusively to residential properties and does not affect commercial premises, industrial buildings, offices, or other non-residential properties.

What Does the Inspector Check?

The electrical inspection includes the entire private electrical installation in residential buildings, situated downstream of the main control and protection device. It applies to all circuits, regardless of voltage or current type, used to generate electrical energy. The inspection focuses on the following control points:

• Main control and protection device (AGCP)
• Residual current protection devices:

-> RCDs (Residual Current Devices)

-> Earthing system and grounding installation

• Overcurrent protection devices adapted to the conductor cross-sections for each circuit
• For each room containing a bathtub or a shower:

-> Supplementary equipotential bonding

-> Electrical installation adapted to the specific conditions of the room

-> Equipment presenting a risk of direct contact with live parts

• Obsolete electrical equipment or equipment unsuitable for its intended use
• Special installations:

-> Appliances located in private areas are supplied from common areas

-> Appliances located in common areas are supplied from private areas

-> Private swimming pools and ornamental fountain basins

What Methodology is Used?

The electrical inspector must evaluate the condition of the internal electrical system in accordance with a ministerial decree issued by the Ministry for Territorial Cohesion.

This inspection is performed downstream of the main control and protection device of the private electrical system, extending to the supply terminals and socket outlets. It includes the electrical installation within the private property area as well as any outbuildings of single-family homes.

The process determines whether the fixed equipment matches the electrical network’s characteristics and whether the installation conditions meet safety standards.

The certified inspector only assesses visible and accessible parts of the electrical system, without moving furniture, dismantling components, or damaging cables or insulation. Internal circuits of connected appliances are not examined.

How Long is the Electrical Inspection Valid For?

• For a sale, the electrical inspection is valid for 3 years.
• For a rental, the electrical inspection is valid for 6 years.

A certificate of conformity from Consuel (National Committee for the Safety of Electricity Users) can substitute for an electrical inspection, as long as it is less than 3 years old for a sale or less than 6 years old for a rental.

When is the Electrical Inspection Mandatory?

An electrical inspection became mandatory for renting out a property since 1 January 2018, and for selling a dwelling since 1 January 2019. If the electrical installation is over 15 years old, an inspection report must be included with the lease or the preliminary sales agreement. Additionally, this report must be incorporated into the Technical Diagnostics File (DDT).

As a seller or landlord, failure to provide the electrical inspection exposes you to legal risks. If the buyer or tenant discovers that the installation is defective, they may hold you liable:

•    as a seller, before the Regional Civil Court for latent defects;
•    as a landlord, before the local district court.

What is the Impact on Sellers and Landlords?

If you’re a seller, you’re not required to perform the repairs suggested in the inspection report. The electrical inspection provides the prospective buyer with information about the condition of the installation and any work that might be needed afterwards.

If you’re a landlord, you are legally obliged to rent out a property that meets the standards of decency outlined in the Law of 6 July 1989. If the defects found render the property “unfit for habitation,” you must complete the necessary repairs before leasing it. And remember, home and contents insurance is also mandatory in France.

What Are the Consequences for a Buyer?

The electrical inspection report provides recommendations for the future buyer. The seller is not obligated to perform any corrective work. However, discussions about the cost of necessary repairs may occur before signing the final sale agreement.

It is highly advisable to have a qualified electrician carry out the work to ensure a safe, healthy, and comfortable living environment.

Penalties for Non-Compliance 

Failing to conduct an electrical inspection before selling or renting a property can lead to significant penalties for the seller or landlord. Without an inspection report detailing the condition of the internal electrical system, occupant safety may be at risk.

If an incident arises from a faulty electrical installation, a claim for latent defects may be made. Furthermore, a fine of €1,500 (or €3,000 for repeated offences) may be enforced if the inspection is performed by a non-Cofrac-accredited professional.

The inspection must be completed by an approved, certified provider before signing the lease or the deed of sale, and the professionals involved must be qualified.

Quick FAQ about Electric Inspection

Q - When does the Electrical Inspection Become Mandatory?

An electrical inspection is needed when selling or renting properties with electrical installations over 15 years old, and it must be attached to the agreement.

Q - How long is an Electric Inspection Valid?

For a sale, the inspection is valid for three years; for a rental, six years. It must be done by a certified professional.

Q - Who can Carry Out the Inspection?

Like all mandatory property diagnostics, the electrical inspection must be carried out by a certified expert.

To learn more about buying property and real estate in France, visit our blog for guides and expert tips, and our FAQs.